Meaning of the term Varna used during Vedic Period
The term “Varna” refers to the ancient Hindu caste system, which was a hierarchical social structure that divided society into four primary classes or varnas. The caste system was an important aspect of Vedic society and was based on the principles of karma, dharma, and reincarnation.
The four varnas were:
- Brahmins: The priestly class, responsible for performing religious rituals and studying and teaching the Vedas.
- Kshatriyas: The warrior class, responsible for protecting the society and upholding the law and order.
- Vaishyas: The merchant and farming class, responsible for trading and agricultural activities.
- Shudras: The labor class, responsible for manual labor and service activities.
Beyond these four varnas were also the “untouchables” or “outcastes,” who were considered outside the caste system and faced social and economic discrimination.
Each varna was assigned specific duties and obligations based on their social and economic roles, and individuals were expected to adhere to their designated caste and perform their duties accordingly. The caste system was often justified as a means of maintaining social order and promoting social stability.
However, the caste system also led to significant social and economic inequality and discrimination, with individuals often being restricted to their caste and denied opportunities for upward mobility. In modern times, efforts have been made to address the inequalities and injustices inherent in the caste system, although it remains a significant part of Indian society and culture