Angina Pectoris- Meaning, symptoms and Treatment

What Is Angina Pectoris?

Angina pectoris is a medical condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart, become narrow or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits and plaque. This can cause a temporary lack of oxygen to the heart muscles, resulting in chest pain or discomfort. Angina is usually triggered by physical activity, emotional stress, or after a heavy meal, and typically feels like a squeezing or pressure-like sensation in the chest.

https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Angina-Pectoris.png

Types of Angina

There are three main types of angina, which are explained below:

1. Stable angina:

Stable angina, also known as exertional angina, is the most common type of angina. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood and oxygen during physical activity or emotional stress. Symptoms of stable angina typically include a feeling of pressure, squeezing, or tightness in the chest, as well as pain in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back. These symptoms usually go away with rest or medication.

2. Unstable angina:

Unstable angina is a more serious type of angina that occurs even when a person is at rest or during minimal physical activity. It is considered a medical emergency because it can lead to a heart attack or other complications. Symptoms of unstable angina are similar to those of stable angina but are more intense and last longer.

3. Variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina:

Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal’s angina, is a rare type of angina that occurs when there is a spasm in the coronary artery that reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. It can occur at rest, often during the night or early morning, and can cause severe chest pain. Unlike stable and unstable angina, variant angina is not usually triggered by physical activity or emotional stress.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of angina, as it can be a sign of an underlying heart condition that needs to be treated.

When does Angina Pectoris occur?

Angina pectoris occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough blood and oxygen supply to meet its needs. This usually happens when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits or plaques in the artery walls. The reduction in blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle can cause chest pain or discomfort known as angina. Angina can occur during physical activity, emotional stress, or even at rest.

Signs and Symptoms of Angina Pectoris

Angina Pectoris is a medical condition that causes chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. The symptoms of Angina Pectoris may vary from person to person, but some of the most common signs and symptoms include:

1. Chest pain: The most common symptom of Angina Pectoris is chest pain or discomfort. The pain can be described as a tightness, pressure, squeezing, or burning sensation in the chest. It can also spread to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back.
2. Shortness of breath: Patients may feel shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing during the episode of Angina Pectoris.
3. Nausea and dizziness: Some patients may experience nausea, vomiting, or dizziness.
4. Sweating: Patients may experience profuse sweating or cold sweat during the episode of Angina Pectoris.
5. Fatigue: Some patients may feel fatigued or tired due to the reduced blood flow to the heart.
6. Indigestion: In some cases, patients may feel indigestion or heartburn during an episode of Angina Pectoris.

It is important to note that the symptoms of Angina Pectoris can be different for men and women. Women are more likely to experience symptoms like shortness of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain, while men are more likely to experience chest pain. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

How is Angina Pectoris Diagnosed?

Angina pectoris can be diagnosed through various tests and procedures. The healthcare provider may perform a physical exam, review the medical history, and ask about the symptoms. They may also recommend the following diagnostic tests:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can identify abnormal rhythms or signs of reduced blood flow to the heart.
2. Stress test: This test involves monitoring the heart’s activity while the patient is exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike. It can help identify abnormal heart rhythms, blood flow problems, or other symptoms that may indicate angina.
3. Blood tests: These tests can help determine if there are high levels of cholesterol or other substances that may increase the risk of heart disease.
4. Coronary angiography: This is an invasive procedure that involves injecting a dye into the arteries of the heart to visualize any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. CT angiography or MRI angiography: These non-invasive imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and blood vessels to detect any blockages or narrowing.
6. Cardiac catheterization: This is an invasive procedure that involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart to measure blood pressure and assess blood flow.
7. Echocardiogram: This non-invasive test uses sound waves to produce images of the heart’s chambers and valves, and can detect any abnormalities that may be causing angina.

Angina Pectoris Treatment

The treatment of angina pectoris depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. The primary aim of the treatment is to relieve the symptoms and prevent complications. The following are some of the treatment options for angina pectoris:

1. Lifestyle changes: The first step in managing angina pectoris is to make lifestyle changes that can help reduce the risk factors. These may include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and managing stress.
2. Medications: Several medications can help relieve the symptoms of angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin is a commonly used medication that helps to widen the blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow to the heart. Other medications, such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates, can also be used to treat angina.
3. Medical procedures: In severe cases, medical procedures may be required to treat angina pectoris. These may include angioplasty, stenting, or coronary artery bypass surgery. These procedures help to open up the blocked or narrowed arteries and restore the blood flow to the heart.
4. Cardiac rehabilitation: Cardiac rehabilitation is a program designed to help people with heart disease improve their overall health and well-being. The program typically includes exercise training, education about healthy lifestyle choices, and emotional support.

It is important to note that the treatment for angina pectoris may vary from person to person, and the best course of action should be determined by a healthcare professional. Regular check-ups and follow-ups are essential to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.