Minerals and ores are naturally occurring substances that contain metal or other valuable elements. A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure. Examples of minerals include quartz, feldspar, and mica. An ore is a naturally occurring mineral or rock from which a valuable substance, usually a …
There are two main types of lava, each with its own distinct characteristics: Basaltic Lava: Basaltic lava, also known as mafic lava, is a low-viscosity lava that flows easily and quickly. It is typically characterized by a dark color and a smooth, ropy texture known as pahoehoe. Basaltic lava often forms shield volcanoes, which are …
Natural gas as an energy source has certain merits and limitations. Here are some of them: Merits: Clean-burning: Natural gas is a cleaner-burning fossil fuel compared to coal and oil, as it emits lower levels of greenhouse gases and air pollutants when burned. Abundant: Natural gas is a relatively abundant resource, with significant reserves located …
Volcanism is the process by which magma and other materials from the Earth’s interior are brought to the surface, resulting in the formation of volcanic landforms such as volcanoes, lava flows, and volcanic ash. Volcanism is typically associated with plate tectonic activity, and occurs along plate boundaries or within hotspots in the Earth’s mantle. There …
Mountains are geological landforms that are characterized by their great height, steepness, and prominent peak or ridge. They are formed by tectonic forces that cause uplift and folding of the Earth’s crust, as well as erosion and weathering that shape the landscape. Different types of Mountains 1. Fold mountains Fold mountains are mountains that are …
Some of the major natural gas deposits in the world are: Russia: Russia has the world’s largest natural gas reserves, accounting for around 25% of global reserves. The majority of Russia’s natural gas reserves are located in Siberia and the Far East. Iran: Iran has the world’s second-largest natural gas reserves, accounting for around 18% …
There are three types of plate boundaries where tectonic plates interact with each other: divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries. Divergent boundary: At a divergent boundary, two plates move away from each other, creating a gap that is filled with molten magma from the mantle. This process leads to the formation of new oceanic crust and …
In recent years, the concept of a “smart city” has gained significant attention as a means of improving urban living. Smart cities utilize technology and data to enhance the quality of life for their residents, improve sustainability, and create economic opportunities. In India, the Smart City Mission was launched in 2015 as a nationwide effort …
Commercial Energy Sources Commercial energy sources refer to the energy resources that are used on a large scale to meet the energy needs of industries, businesses, and households. The major commercial energy sources include: Fossil fuels: Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are the most commonly used commercial energy sources. They are …
The pillars of a Smart City are the key areas that are targeted for improvement through the use of technology and data-driven solutions. The specific pillars may vary depending on the city and its priorities, but some common pillars of a Smart City include: Smart Governance: This pillar focuses on improving the delivery of public …
