The NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Population, consist of comprehensive answers to all the questions provided in the chapter. This chapter delves into topics such as population size, distribution, growth, and the processes involved in population change and growth. These NCERT Solutions have been meticulously prepared by individual subject experts. The answers are presented in a clear and straightforward language to ensure easy understanding for students. By studying these solutions, students will be able to acquire a thorough understanding of the chapter and score high marks in their examinations.
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(b) the area of arrival
(d) none of the above
Ans. Both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(c) high death rates
(b) high life expectancies
(d) more married couples
Ans. High birth rates
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
Ans. the number of persons added each year
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Ans. is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
Ans. The rate of population growth in India has been declining since 1981 due to a number of factors, including increased access to family planning, rising levels of education among women, and economic development.
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
Ans. The major components of population growth are birth rate, death rate, and migration. These components contribute to changes in the size and structure of a population over time. Let’s discuss each component in more detail:
Birth Rate: Birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 individuals in a population per year. It is a significant factor contributing to population growth. Higher birth rates result in population increase, while lower birth rates contribute to population stabilization or decline.
Death Rate: Death rate, also known as mortality rate, refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year. It is an essential component affecting population growth. Higher death rates can lead to population decline, while lower death rates contribute to population growth.
Migration: Migration refers to the movement of individuals from one area to another, either within the same country (internal migration) or across international borders (international migration). Migration plays a significant role in population growth and distribution.
These three components, birth rate, death rate, and migration, interact to determine the overall population growth rate. If birth rates exceed death rates and migration contributes positively to the population, the population will increase. Conversely, if death rates exceed birth rates and migration contributes negatively, the population will decrease.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate, and birth rate.
Ans.
Age structure: The age structure of a population is the distribution of people among different age groups. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the total population. A population with a large proportion of young people is said to have a young age structure, while a population with a large proportion of older people is said to have an old age structure.
Death rate: The death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a year. It is a measure of the mortality of a population. A high death rate indicates that a population is unhealthy, while a low death rate indicates that a population is healthy.
Birth rate: The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a year. It is a measure of the fertility of a population. A high birth rate indicates that a population is growing rapidly, while a low birth rate indicates that a population is growing slowly.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Ans. Migration is a determinant factor of population change because it can cause the size and composition (demography) of a population to change.
Size: When people migrate to a country, they are adding to the population of that country. When people migrate from a country, they are reducing the population of that country.
Composition: The age, sex, and educational attainment of a population can all be affected by migration.
For example, if a country has a lot of young people immigrating to it, then the average age of the population will decrease.
3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.
Ans.
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population over time. It is measured as the difference between the number of births and deaths in a population, plus or minus the net migration (the difference between the number of people immigrating to and emigrating from a population).
Population change is a broader term that encompasses all the factors that can cause the size and composition of a population to change. In addition to population growth, population change can also be caused by factors such as changes in age structure, sex ratio, and educational attainment.
4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Ans. A country with a larger proportion of its population engaged in primary occupations such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and fishing is typically considered less developed.
In contrast, countries that witness a shift towards secondary occupations like manufacturing tend to experience greater development.
A high percentage of the population involved in tertiary occupations such as banking, commerce, transport, and administration indicates a highly developed country.
5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
Ans. Having a healthy population brings several advantages:
Economic Productivity: A healthy population is more likely to be productive and contribute to the economy. Healthy individuals are better equipped to participate in the workforce, leading to increased productivity, higher incomes, and economic growth.
Reduced Healthcare Costs: A healthy population tends to have lower healthcare costs. When people are healthy, they require fewer medical interventions, treatments, and hospitalizations.
Improved Quality of Life: Good health directly contributes to an improved quality of life.
Enhanced Resilience to Challenges: A healthy population is more resilient and better equipped to face challenges, including disease outbreaks, natural disasters, and other crises.
Social Development: Health plays a crucial role in social development. Healthy individuals have better access to education, employment opportunities, and social interactions.
Reduced Healthcare Disparities: A healthy population contributes to reduced healthcare disparities. When healthcare is accessible and affordable, and individuals have good health, the gaps in health outcomes between different socio-economic groups tend to decrease.
6. What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Ans. Recognizing the positive impact of family planning on individual health and well-being, the Government of India introduced a comprehensive Family Planning Programme in 1952. With the aim of promoting responsible and planned parenthood based on voluntary choices, the Family Welfare Programme has been actively implemented. The National Population Policy (NPP) of 2000 is the culmination of years of strategic efforts in this direction. The NPP 2000 establishes a policy framework that includes key objectives such as providing free and compulsory school education up to the age of 14, reducing the infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, ensuring universal immunization of children against preventable diseases, advocating for delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centric initiative.