The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, as a means of reminding citizens of their responsibilities towards the country and society. These duties are enshrined in Part IV-A of the Constitution and are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by law, but they are considered to be a part of the Constitution and are binding on all citizens of the country.
The ten Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens are:
- To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
- To preserve the rich heritage of the nation’s composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife.
- To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
The Fundamental Duties are intended to serve as a reminder to citizens that along with their rights, they also have certain obligations towards the nation and society. It is believed that if citizens fulfil these duties with sincerity and dedication, it will contribute towards the growth and development of the country as a whole.
