The High Courts in India are the highest judicial authorities at the state and union territory level. There are currently 25 High Courts in India, each having jurisdiction over a specific state or union territory. The High Courts have the power of judicial review over the decisions of subordinate courts within their respective jurisdiction.
The High Courts were established under the Indian High Courts Act, 1861, which provided for the establishment of High Courts in the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. Over time, the jurisdiction of the High Courts was expanded to cover other states and union territories.
The High Courts have the power to hear appeals from lower courts, as well as writ petitions, public interest litigations, and other cases arising under state or union territory laws. They also have the power to issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto for the enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal rights.
The High Courts are headed by a Chief Justice, who is appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the state or administrator of the union territory. The other judges of the High Court are appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Chief Justice of the High Court, and the Governor or administrator.
The High Courts play a crucial role in the administration of justice in India. They are responsible for ensuring that the laws of the state or union territory are upheld and that justice is delivered in a fair, impartial, and timely manner.
